Kompas.com- 教育平等分配、粮食安全和人口流动问题至今仍然是印度尼西亚的重大任务。
早在印度尼西亚独立之前，这三个问题就已经出现在被称为“道德政治”的荷兰殖民政策中。
20世纪初，荷兰殖民政府推出了一项被称为“伦理政治”的政策。
这项政策通常被称为对荷属东印度群岛人民的一种“报应政治”，是在对几十年来持续存在的殖民剥削做法，特别是通过强迫耕种制度的批评之后诞生的。
通过三个主要项目，即灌溉、教育和移民，道德政治影响了荷属东印度群岛人民的生活。
一方面，这一政策带来了农业、教育和人口流动等领域的变化。但另一方面，它的实施又离不开殖民利益。
Therefore, it is important to read Ethical Politics not only as a policy of the past.他的遗产也可以成为一面镜子，让我们看到当今印度尼西亚的公平发展问题。
另请阅读：道德政治领域的先驱人物：范·德文特 (Van Deventer) 到道维斯·德克尔 (Douwes Dekker)
伦理政治是20世纪初荷兰殖民政府的一项政策，被称为报应政治。这一政策植根于人道主义考虑以及荷兰殖民政府的经济利益。
伦理政治的出现是对原住民在强制耕种制度（Cultuurstelsel）实施过程中所遭受的各种牺牲的回应，该制度此前为荷兰人带来了巨大的利益。
Ethical Politics is realized through three main programs, namely irrigation, education and emigration. On the one hand, this policy brought a number of changes, such as the construction of irrigation facilities, expanding access to education, and moving people from densely populated areas to other areas.
However, on the other hand, its implementation also further emphasized colonial domination because many programs ultimately benefited the interests of the Dutch government more than the welfare of the native people.
Also read: The Impact of Ethical Political Policies in Education for National Movements
道德政治中的灌溉计划旨在建设和改善灌溉设施以支持农业。殖民政府修建水道、水坝和配套基础设施以增加农业产量。
However, in practice, many irrigation projects were also directed to support plantation and colonial economic interests.土著农民并不总是平等地感受到这些好处。
Irrigation development has indeed brought changes to people’s lives. Better irrigation can help agricultural production and open up new areas to manage.
However, because it was in a colonial system, the results of this development were mostly directed at meeting the government’s economic needs荷兰语。
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